Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

This course is designed to give students understanding of basic concepts in microbiology including various microorganisms their physiology, morphology, genetics, ecology, pathogenicity and application used of laboratory methods and techniques in microbiological research.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

No

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Students completing this course should be able to:
- better understanding of the evolutionary relationships between structure, diversity and replication of different groups of microorganisms.
- learn about genetic mechanisms of adaptation of prokaryotic microorganisms in a variety of environmental conditions.
- applied methods of physiological and biochemical tests for the identification of the different groups of microorganisms.
- identify the mechanisms of pathogenicity of microorganisms that cause diseases in humans and animals as well as the mechanisms used by the hosts to defend themselves against pathogens.
- determine the number of microorganisms in the sample and calculate the growth of microorganisms in controlled laboratory conditions.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1. Introduction. Historical development of microbiology. (2 hours)
2. The distribution of microorganisms and their role in biogeochemical processes in nature. (2 hours)
3. Eukaryotes, Archaea and Bacteria; structure and function. Morphology, nomenclature and classification of microorganisms. (2 hours)
4. Basic structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (2 hours)
5. Microbial genetics, genome organization, mobile genetic elements. (2 hours)
6. The growth of microorganisms and the basic growth factors, nutrients, temperature, oxygen, pH and osmotic pressure. (2 hours)
7. Metabolic activity of microorganisms. Identification of microorganisms using various physiological and biochemical tests. (2 hours)
8. Microorganisms and diseases, resistance, relationship microorganisms and host immune responses to infection. (2 hours)
9. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics and other chemical substances. (2 hours)
10. Basic morphological characteristics of fungi, yeasts and molds and their pathogenicity. Diseases caused by fungi, and their toxins. (2 hours)
11. Application of microorganisms in biotechnology. (2 hours)
12. Basic morphological characteristics and development cycles of parasites.
13. The role of microorganisms in the biodegradation of heavy metals, nitrate, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. (2 hours)
14. Basic morphological characteristics of viruses, viroids and prions. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Methods of studying properties of the viruses. (2 hours)
15. Control the growth of microorganisms by physical and chemical methods. (2 hours)
Lab topics will include: Techniques in aseptic conditions, methods of preparation and staining of various preparations. Isolation of pure cultures of microorganisms, preparation of culture media, culture and use of different methods of isolation and identification of bacteria. Basic macro and micromorphological characteristics and yeasts and molds. Cultivation of yeasts and molds on nutrient media, isolation and identification. The main morphological features of the parasite. Sampling and preparation of samples for identification of parasites. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other chemical substances and to determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. Methods for determining the number of bacteria in different samples of food and water dilution method, the spectrophotometric method and membrane filtration.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Admission to the lectures in the amount of at least 70% of the times scheduled. Completed all planned laboratory exercises and seminar essay.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

R.A. Harvey, P.C. Champe, B.D. Fisher, Microbiology, 2th ed., Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007.
R.M. Patrick, S.R. Ken, A.P. Michael, Medical Microbiology, 5th ed. Elsevier/Mosby, Philadelphia, 2005.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Obtaining basic theoretical knowledge in the field of energetics. Introduction to basic information needed for active participation in classes in the field of termotechnics and energetics.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

None

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

- Describing the ways of energy conversion and comparing conventional energy sources.
- Describing the ways in which electricity can be produced.
- Describing the ways in which nuclear energy can be used and analyizing the operation of a nuclear power plant.
- Defining and describing the types of renewable energy sources.
- Describing the basic characteristics of water energy usage.
- Describing the ways in energy of the sun can be used and its basic characteristics.
- Describing the basic characteristics of the usage of wind energy.
- Describing the ways in which geotermal energy and biomass energy can be used, as well as their basic characteristics.
- Defining and describing the basic elements of energetic planning and energetic policy.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

- 1st week: Energy: definition and units, energy inflow the on Earth, Earth′s energy balance - energy crises, enegy resources, energy supplays, energy conversion and heat.
- 2nd week: Consumption of energy; historical development, regional consumption, influence on the life quality, consumption and saving of energy in basic sectors (industry, traffic, households), estimation of global energetics development.
- 3rd week: Energy of fossil fuels: coal.
- 4th week: Energy of fossil fuels: oil.
- 5th week: Energy of fossil fuels: natural gas. Partial assessment (1st preliminary test)
- 6th week: Thermal power plant, influence on environmente (greenhouse effects, acid rains, particulates, heat contamination), exploitation of waste heat, magnetohydrodynamic generators.
- 7th week: Hydroenergy: basic characteristics of water flow, hydro-electric power plants.
- 8th week: Nuclear energy: fission.
- 9th week: Nuclear reactors.
- 10th week: Nuclear fuels. Partial assessment (2nd preliminary test)
- 11th week: Nuclear fusion, projects of fusion devices.
- 12th week: Influence of nuclear energy on mankind and environmente.
- 13th week: Solar energy: conversion in heat energy (active and passive solar systems, solar furnaces, solar-electric power plants), photovoltaic conversion (photovoltaicells and photovoltaic systems), application of nanotechnology, bioconversion (cultivation and energetical exploitation of biomass).
- 14th week: Wind energy: basic characteristics, wind turbines, wind-electric power plants.
- 15th week: Energy of oceans and seas: energy of high and low tide, energy of waves, heat energy. Geothermal energy: hydrogeothermal and petrogeothermal energy supplays, influence on environmente. Storage of energy. Partial assessment (3nd preliminary test).

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

D. Krpan-Lisica, Osnove energetike, Hinus, Zagreb, 2001.
C.J. Cleveland, Editor, Encyclopedia of Energy, Vol.1-6, Elsevier, San Diego 2004.
H. Požar, Osnove energetike 1,2, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1992.
V. Knapp, Novi izvori energije 1, Školska knjiga, Zagareb, 1993.
P. Kulišić, Novi izvori energije 2, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1991.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The aim of the course is a systematic review and extension of basic knowledge of structural, thermodynamic and transport properties of electrolyte solutions derived from lectures in physical chemistry.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Upon successful completion of the program, students will be able to:
1) explain the main characteristic whereby electrolytes are distinguished from other solutions, 2) apply the thermodynamic quantities for the treatment of equilibrium conditions, 3) explain the different conductivity chemical models, 4) understand the theoretical treatment of transport properties based on the interionic attraction theory of Debye and Huckel 5) independently determine the equilibrium constant for the reaction of ionic associations, 6) interpret the experimental and theoretical data.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lectures
1st week: Introduction. Classification of solvents and electrolytes. Non-electrostatic interactions. Triple-ion formation.
2nd week: Spectroscopic studies of association. Ionizing solvation reactions. Thermodynamic energy functions and their variables. The chemical potential of electrolytes in solutions.
3rd week: Partial molar quantities. Attractive potentials of spatially fixed ions and dipoles. Van der Waals potential. Ions and molecules in homogeneous dielectric media.
4th week: Dipole molecule in a homogeneous dielectric medium. Reaction field. Complete ion-ion interaction potentials in solutions.
5th week: Particle size parameters (solvent molecules, inorganic and organic ions). Ions and molecules in the gas phase, (gas phase equilibria of electrolytes, ion clustering by solvent molecules. Ion solvation in the liquid phase. Extrapolation methods and extrathermodynamic assumptions.
6th week: Examples of solvation studies. Diffusion (measuring methods, self-diffusion, coupled diffusion.
7th week: Charge transport. Single ion conductivities. Empirical investigation on electrolyte conductivity. Viscosity. Dielectric polarization.
8th week: Static permittivity. Measurement of high-frequency permittivity. Phenomenological aspects. Relaxation processes of pure liquids and their mixtures.
9th week: Relaxation spectra of electrolyte solutions (solvent and ion pairs relaxation). Dielectric decrement. Solvent relaxation time. Distribution and correlation functions.
10th week: Chemical model at low electrolyte concentrations - lcCM. The mean force potential, the activity coefficient of the lcCM, the ion pair concept of the lcCM.
11th week: Properties of electrolyte solutions at the lcCM. Measurement of the solvent activity. Activity coefficients and osmotic coefficients.
12th week: Experimental osmotic coefficients. Fitting equations for osmotic and activity coefficient. Pitzer equations, extended lcCM equation. Partial molar enthalpy.
13th week: Chemical kinetics as a test for chemical models on the MM level. Primary kinetic salt effect.
14th week: Solvent effects. Transport equations on the lcCM level. Hydrodynamic ion-ion interactions.
15th week: Electrophoretic term of the conductivity equation. Limiting law of conductivity.
Seminars
Solving numerical problems.
Laboratory exercises
1. Molar conductivity of symmetrical electrolytes. 2. The chemical model of conductivity. 3. Thermodynamic quantities for the association reaction. 4. Determination of stability constants of chlorocadmium complexes in water by direct potentiometry. 5. Thermodynamic study of CdCl2 in water from potential difference measurements. 6. Determination of limiting transference number for sodium ion from aqueous solutions of NaCl using potentiometry method.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes (lectures and seminars 80%, and laboratory exercises 100%) and actively participate in the teaching process. This will be recorded and evaluated in making a final assessment.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

P. Atkins, J. de Paula, Atkins’ Physical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2006.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality of the teaching and learning, monitored at the level of the (1) teachers, accepting suggestions of students and colleagues, and (2) faculty, conducting surveys of students on teaching quality.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge about the physical methods of analysis based on optical and electrochemical phenomena. To enable students to understand and apply the acquired knowledge in practice in the analysis of complex samples

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Completed appropriate undergraduate study

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. Adoption of the basic knowledge and principles of the application of spectroscopic techniques for analysis of complex samples
2. Understand and apply the methods of sample preparation for chemical analysis
3. Apply spectroscopic analysis methods in the analysis of complex samples.
4. Implement separation analysis methods in the analysis of complex samples.
5. Apply the principles of validation of the analytical method

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1. week: Analytical system. Sampling from the environment. Seminar: Solving problems.
2. Week: Preparation of the sample for analysis. Seminar: Solving problems.
3. week: Method of isolation of the analyte from the nuts: solid phase extraction, microwave ultrasonic extraction. Seminar: Solving problems.
4. Week: Spectroscopic methods. Molecular Spectroscopy. Seminar: Solving problems.
5. Week: Atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy. Seminar: Solving problems.
6. week: Chromatographic methods: gas, ion, thin layer chromatography. Seminar: Solving problems.
7. Week : 1st. partial exam, solving the test
8. week: High performance liquid chromatography. Seminar: Solving problems.
9. week: Validation of methods. Comparison of methods. The choice of the appropriate method. Seminar: Solving problems
10. Week: Statistical analysis and evaluation of results, and obtain information about the sample. Seminar: Solving problems
11. Week: Validation of spectoscopic methods, examples. Seminar: Solving problems
12.Validation of chromatographic methods examples. Seminar: Solving problems
13 Week: Automation in the analytical laboratory. Segmented flow method. Seminar: Solving problems
14. Week: flow-injection method. An automated analytical systems. Seminar: Solving problems
15. Week : 2 nd partial exam , solving the test

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Lectures attendance - at least 80% and completing exercises

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

- registration of student’s presence in class
- annual analysis of students success in this course
- student’s survey in order to evaluate the professor
- professor’s self-evaluation

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Introducing the students to the principles of quantum theory and application of this theory to the topics of chemistry. Establishment of modern methodologies for the theoretical study of the structure and spectra of atoms and molecules, molecular dynamics and molecular interactions.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

none

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

- Understanding of the basic principles of quantum chemistry and its role in modern chemical research
- Knowledge of and ability to apply mathematical methods used in quantum chemistry
- Extended theoretical knowledge needed to fully understand the physics of atoms and molecules
- Ability to analyze the structure of molecules and their energy states
- Mastering modern methods of quantum chemistry at the level of operational knowledge acquisition for computing structure and spectra.
- Extended and an improved knowledge and understanding of interactions between molecules, the behavior of molecules in external fields and methodological approaches to research these phenomena
- Drawing conclusions about developments related molecules based on the analysis of experimental data
- The ability of using presented models (electronic structure of organic molecules; cages, clusters, nanomaterials and crystals; studies of polymers, proteins and drugs).

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Problems of the classical theory: stability and dimensions of atoms and molecules, photoelectric effect, black body radiation spectrum of the hydrogen atom, Bohr model of the atom. The old quantum theory. Quantum theory: the wave nature of particles, Schrodinger equation, spin, postulates. Particle in a box. Harmonic oscillator. Hydrogen atom, atomic orbitals. Spin. Multielectron atoms. Atomic spectra. Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Heitler-London’s approach. Molecular orbitals. Correlation diagram. Hybridization. Huckel molecular orbitals. Electronic structure of crystals. Ligand field theory. The molecular spectra. Molecular mechanics. The interaction of molecules. The molecules in external fields. Application of presented models. Prediction of molecular properties.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

W. G. Richards, J. A. Horstley, Ab initio Molecular Orbital Calculations for Chemistrc, Clarendom Press, Oxford, 1970
A. Graovac, I. Gutman, N. Trinajstić, Topological Approach to the Chemistry of Conjugated Molecules, Springer, Berlin, 1977.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The aim is to teach students the methods for isolation, purification and identification of diferent organic compounds classess by interpreting spectra obtained by modern spectroscopic techniques.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Organic chemistry

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After completing the course, the student will become familiarized with the major concepts of organic analysis, which includes:
- isolating different classes of organic compounds from complex mixtures
- selection of appropriate spectroscopic methods
- combining individual spectroscopic methods for structure elucidation;
- the use of spectroscopic methods to monitor the reaction process;
- application of acquired knowledge in research projects.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

 Lectures and seminars (L+S):
1. Classical methods of analysis. (12 + 4)
Biological samples. Reaction products. Commercial samples. Processing of the sample, isolation and concentration. Separation based on solubility, volatility, and the acid-base properties. Separation of the enantiomers. Polarimetry.
2. Chromatographic separation (TLC, GC, HPLC). (1 + 0 )
3. Molecular formulas and what can be learned from them? (0.5 + 1)
Molecular formulas. Index of hydrogen deficiency. The rule of thirteen.
I. Partial exam (written, 1hour and 30 min)
4. Spectroscopy analysis methods. (0.5 + 0)
Spectroscopic techniques used in organic compound structure elucidation.
5. Mass spectrometry (MS). (3 + 1.5)
Theory, instrumentation, and techniques. Isotopic masses. Isotopic abundances, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Fragmentation in EIMS: influence of functional groups on fragmentation. Examples of different classes of organic compounds.
6. Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis) (3 + 1)
Electromagnetic spectra. The nature of electronic excitations. The origin of UV band structure. Principles of absorption spectroscopy. Presentation of spectra. Solvents. What is a chromophore. Effect of conjugation. What to look for in ultraviolet spectra. Examples of different classes of organic compounds.
7. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) (4 + 1.5)
Introduction, Theory, instrumentation, and sample preparation. C,H,O-containing functional groups. Effect of ring size, conjugation and electron-withdrawing groups. Examples of different classes of organic compounds.
8. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). (6 + 2)
Basic concepts. 1H NMR Chemical shifts. Spin-Spin Coupling. Magnetic anizotropy. 13C NMR Chemical shifts. Aromatic compounds – substituted benzene rings. Homotopic, enantiotopic, and diastereotopic systems. 2D NMR spectroscopy. Examples of different classes of organic compounds.
9. Combined structure problems (0 + 4)
II. Partial exam (written, 2 hours)
III. Partial exam (oral, 30 min)
 Laboratory exercises (E)
1. Separation of the water-insoluble mixtures. (5)
2. Separation of the water-soluble mixtures. (5)
3. Racemic mixture. Isolating the enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine by fractional crystalization. Measuring the rotation of plane-polarized light by polarimeter. (7)
4. Tests for determination of the functional groups of separated compounds. (5)
5. Influence of inter- and intra-hydrogen bonds on melting point: Determination of the melting point on the aluminum block. (2)
6. UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy. Bathochromic shift: recording absorption spectra (benzene, aniline, phenol, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid) and determination of auxochrome effect (-OH, -NH2, - OCH3) and conjugation on absorption maximum, λmax. (4)
7. Recording absorption spectra and investigation of the influence of pH on the absorption bands of phenol and aniline. Study of the connection between molecular structure and absorption maxima: spectral acid-base indicators phenolphtalein and thymol blue in acidic and basic media. (4)
8. Hypsochromic effect of auxochrome on n→ π* transition of carbonyl group: Recording spectra of acetone and ethyl-acetate. (4)
9. Effect of solvent on the appearance of absorption band: the recording of UV spectra of phenol in ethanol and hexane. Influence of solvent on λmax (impact on the n → π* transition): spectra of acetone in water, hexane and ethanol. (4)
10. IR spectroscopy. I part: recording the specta of isolated compounds (benzoic acid, sorbitol, thymol, aniline, 1-pentanol, acetone). (5)
11. IR spectroscopy, II part: recording spectra of selected solids and liquids. (5)
12. Analysis of obtained IR spectry and comparison by databases available on Internet (SDBS, NIST,...). Finding and analysing other available spectra in selected databases (MS, NMR,...). (5)
13. NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of NMR spectra (1H i 13C NMR) by using SPINWORKS software. (5)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

E. Pretsch, P. Buehlmann, C. Affolter: ”Structure Determination of Organic Compounds, Tables of Spectral data”, Third Edition, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2000.
H. Günzler, H.-U. Gremlich, Uvod u infracrvenu spektroskopiju, Školska knjiga Zagreb, 2006;
E. Breitmaier, Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry, Practical Guide, John Wiley & Sons, 2002;
I. Jerković, A. Radonić, Praktikum iz organske kemije, Udžbenici Sveučilišta u Splitu, Split, 2009.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of advanced knowledge of modern organic synthesis that involves studying practical laboratory techniques that are used in the synthesis of organic compounds.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Organic chemistry

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After completing the course, the student will become familiarized with the major concepts of organic analysis, which includes:
- developing strategy and planning the organic synthesis
- writing the mechanisms in organic synthesis
- analysis of examples of synthesis from published papers in order to sharpen student’s reasoning ability and critical thinking
- conclusion of the synthesis by using the retrosynthetic analysis
- mastering new laboratory procedures used in organic synthesis
- application of acquired knowledge in research projects.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

 Lectures and seminars (L+S):
1. Introduction. Target molecule. The carbon skeleton and functional groups. The main concepts in organic synthesis (mechanistic and retrosynthetic approach). Yields. Selectivity. (2 + 0)
2. Mechanistic approach. Writing mechanisms. Lewis structures, Lewis acids (LA), and bases (LB), LA / LB reactions. Resonance. Carbocation chemistry. Rearrangement. Problems. (3 + 1)
3. Electrophilic reactions to unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds, and aromatic compounds. LA / LB reaction of alcohols, alkenes, alkynes, and epoxides. LA / LB reactions that involving aromatic rings (electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions; Friedel-Crafts reaction and acylation reaction). Problems. (3 + 1)
4. Overview of the main nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon. Formation of anions (the nucleophiles). Nucleophilic substitution (SN1, SN2). The stereochemistry and conformation of the synthesis. Elimination reaction (thermal and anti sin elimination reaction). Problems. (2 + 2)
5. Chemical reactivity and ring strain. Nucleophilic opening of the epoxide, episulphide and aziridine ring. The reaction with the nucleophile 3-membered species (and selinene halonium ions) and 3- and 4-membered cyclic esters (lactones) and cyclic amides (lactams). Problems. (2 + 1)
6. Nucleophilic addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones. Aldol condensation reaction. Michael addition reactions. The reaction of aldehydes or ketones with Wittig reagent. Problems. (2 + 2)
I. Partial exam (written, 2 hours)
7. Reaction of primary amines with aldehydes and ketones: (imine, Schiff base). Reactions of secondary amines with aldehydes and ketones: (enamines). Problems. (2 + 2)
8. Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions. Problems. (2 + 1)
9. Retrosynthetic analysis. Fundamental concepts. Sinton and half-reactions. (3 + 0)
10. Strategy and planning. Convergent and linear synthesis of the target molecule. The aim of retrosynthetic analysis: the greatest simplification. Using the symmetry of the target molecule. The introduction of reactive functional groups in the final step of the synthesis. The introduction of functional groups to facilitate the formation of chemical bonds. Problems. (2 + 1)
11. Chemoselectivity and protecting groups. Protection of the carbonyl group to form a cyclic acetal. Protecting the alcohol group. Protection of the amine. Omitting the use of protecting groups. Reaction of one from two identical functional groups. Problems. (3 + 2)
12. Strategy of retrosynthetic analysis. Chemical transform - the guiding principle in retrosynthetic analysis. Diels-Alder cycloaddition as a target chemically transform. The strategy based on identifying the potential reactants, Building blocks and structural subunits (substructures). Topological strategy. Problems. (2 + 1)
13. Stereochemistry and conformation of the synthesis. Stereoselective synthesis and preparation of the optically pure compounds. The syntheses with isotopes of carbon and hydrogen. Examples of the synthesis of complex organic compounds. Problems. (2 + 1)
II. Partial exam (written, 1 hour 30 min)
III. Partial exam (oral, 30 min)
 Laboratory exercises (E)
1. Grignard reactions: Synthesis of phenyl acetic acid. (6)
2. Condensation reaction: Perkin synthesis: Synthesis of cinnamic acid. (6)
3. Addition reaction of carbonyl compounds: Claisen Schmidt condensation: Synthesis of dibenzylacetone. (6)
Multi-step synthesis: Benzoin - benzil - benzilic acid - phenytoin.
4. Synthesis of benzoin (condensation reaction) (6)
5. Synthesis of benzil (oxidation) (6)
6. Synthesis of benzilic acid (Molecular rearrangement - Benzilic rearrangement) (6)
7. Synthesis of phenytoin (Molecular rearrangement – Pinacol rearrangement) (6)
8. Cycloaddition reaction (Diels-Alder reaction): endo - exo selectivity. (6)
9. Beckmann rearrangement: Synthesis of ε-caprolactam. (6)
10. Confirmation of the compounds obtained by the synthesis. Determination of the UV and IR spectrum. (6)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes (lectures, seminars, exercises) and actively participate in the learning process. This will be recorded and evaluated in making the final grade.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

P. Wyatt, S. Warren, Organic synthesis: Strategy and control, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 2007.
E. J.Corey, X. M. Cheng, The Logic of Chemical Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York 1989.
Stanley H. Pine, Organska kemija, Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 1994.
E. Pretsch, P. Buhlmann, C. Affolter, Structure Determination of Organic Compounds, Springer, 2000;

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge on the chemistry and technology of aromatic plants, knowledge of the structures of organic compounds typical for the essential oils, their division and useful properties, knowledge on the biosynthesis of essential oils and methods of their isolation and identification of the oil components.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After passing the course, students will be able to:
- describe the basic concepts, essential oils, aromatic plants processing procedures, analyses of isolates obtained and typical use of essential oils
- illustrate the ways of smell perception, the biosynthesis of terpenes and other compounds of essential oils, the basic division of terpenes
- demonstrate basic procedures in the processing of aromatic plants, simple method for isolation of essential oils and aromatic extracts preparation
- determine the appropriate method of analysis of derived isolates (basic physical and chemical values, the application of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods)
- propose suitable procedures for the processing of aromatic plants, taking into account the fundamental principles of distillation and extraction procedures, the analysis of obtained isolates considering the possibility of artefacts formation as well as structural / biosynthetic relationship between the isolated compounds
- choose the correct chemical approach for solving problems in the field of chemistry and technology of aromatic plants, starting from the acquired knowledge from organic chemistry and biochemistry

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Introduction to aromatic plants and essential oils - definition, historical development of isolation and research of the essential oils. (3 hours); Natural, natural identical and synthetic essential oils; chemical structures of molecules and smell; activating receptors of smell: ion channels and G-proteins; essential oils in plants, plant formations for storage of the essential oils, chemotaxonomy and chemotypes of essential oils (3 hours).
Chemical composition of the essential oils: terpenes, isoprene rule, division, cyclic and acyclic structures of mono- and sesquiterpenes; phenylpropanoic derivatives and other compounds in the essential oils (3 hours); Chirality and structures of terpenes; glycosidically bound volatile compounds; the basic structure of glycones and aglycones of the glycosides of volatile compounds; Biogenesis of 3-IPP via mevalonic acid; biogenesis 3-IPP over deoxyxylulose phosphate (DXP) (3 hours); Biogenetic isoprene rule - the precursors of terpenes (GPP, FPP, GGPP); biogenesis semiterpenes, acyclic and cyclic mono-and sesquiterpenes. (3 hours)
Processing of aromatic plants: drying and storage; general overview of the methods of isolation and concentration of the essential oils; rate of distillation – hydrodiffusion; hydrolysis and decomposition of labile components of essential oils (3 hours); Hydrodistillation, water-vapour and steam distillation in the laboratory and in industry; comparison of water, water-steam and steam distillation (3 hours); Extraction with organic solvents, extraction with cold and hot fat; overview of the types of the obtained aromatic extracts; extraction with sub-and supercritical fluids (CO2, H2O); microwave extraction; simultaneous distillation-extraction (3 hours); Comparison of conventional and new extraction techniques; fractionation of the essential oils; basic physical and chemical values of the essential oils; chromatographic techniques in the analysis of essential oil (3 hours)
TLC and GC analysis of the essential oil, detectors (FID and MS), types of columns, sample preparation for the analysis of essential oil, retention time and the index, an overlap of peaks and fractionation of essential oils (pre-treatment) (3 hours); Modern chromatographic techniques in the analysis of essential oils: chiral GC, HSGC, MDGC, 2DGC; GC-MS; MS (SIM SCAN technique) - identification of terpenes and phenylpropane derivatives via MS (6 hours)
Overview of common essential oils - chemical composition and application (6 hours); the use of essential oils; mechanism of antibacterial and antioxidant activity; the structure of biologically active compounds of essential oils; undesirable effects of the essential oils (3 hours)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes (lectures and seminars) and actively participate in the teaching process, which will be evaluated in the final assessment by the weight coefficient of 5%.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

R. P. Adams, Identification of essential oils by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation, 2007
E. Guenther, The Essential Oils, vol. II-VI, van Nostrand Co, Princeton, 1964.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge and skills in the field of molecular biology.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

- Explain the structure of cells and the role of various cellular structures.
- Understanding the structure and role of chromosomal structures.
- Explain and understan the principle, the importance and mechanisms of DNA replication.
- Explain and understan the principle, the importance and mechanisms of transcription.
- Explain and understan the principle, the importance and mechanisms of translation.
- Understand the basic concepts and principles of recombinant technology.
- To know and learn the basic methods and techniques of molecular biology.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

LECTURES:
Introduction to molecular biology. Procaryotic and eucaryotic cell. (3) The structure and function of cells. Cell divisions. (3) The model organisms. (1) Nucleotids and nucleic acids. (1) The DNA organization into chromosomes. (1) DNA identification as the genetic material. (1) DNA replication. (2) DNA repair. (1) DNA recombination. (1) Telomeres. (1) Transcription. RNA processing. (2) Translation (2) Regulation of genes expression. (1) Glycosylation in the ER and Golgi Complex. (2) Folding and processing of proteins (2) Genetic engineering: Restriction endonuclease. Vectors. Cloning. (2) The basic methods and techniques of molecular biology. (2) Molecular medicine. Cancer. (2)
SEMINARS:
The life cycle of cells. (1) Mendel’s laws. (1) DNA replication. (1) Transcription. (1) Translation. (1) Genomes. (1) Prions and prion diseases. (1) Genetically modified organisms. (1) Gene therapy (1) Cancer. (1)
EXERCISES:
DNA isolation. PCR. DNA electrophoresis.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

B. Lewin. Genes IX. 2008.
G. M. Malacinski. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Forth Edition, 2003.
Lodish, Berg, Zipursky, Matsudaria, Batimore, Darnell. Molecular Cell Biology. Forth Edition, 2000

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge of flavour chemistry, understanding of the activation of receptors of smell and taste, knowledge of the structure of organic compounds of the typical flavours and their division, knowledge of the basic mechanisms of flavour formation and the flavour isolation methods.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After passing the course, students will be able to:
- describe the basic concepts, types of flavours, gustatory active molecule, legal regulations related to the flavour toxicological assessment and allowed concentration of biologically active substances
- illustrate ways of flavour perception (smell and taste), the mechanisms of development of natural flavour, the division of flavouring substances based on the chemical structure
- demonstrate basic procedures of flavour isolation from solid and liquid samples (headspace, volatile, semivolatile and nonvolatile substances)
- identify appropriate mechanisms of flavour origin by specific patterns, particularly flavourings derived from carbohydrates and proteins and lipid oxidation flavours
- propose appropriate methods of the sample processing taking into account the fundamental principles of distillation and extraction and the possibility of artefacts formation, structural linkage between aromatic compounds and suitable mechanism for their origin
- choose the correct chemical approach to solving problems in the field of flavour chemistry, starting from the acquired knowledge in organic chemistry and biochemistry

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Introduction to the chemistry of flavour. Classification of flavours. Natural, natural identical and artificial flavouring substances. Flavouring preparations. Thermal process flavourings. Smoke flavour. Blends of flavours. Review of the quality of flavour. (3 hours); A short overview of the development of flavour chemistry. Legal regulations. Natural, natural identical and artificial flavours – differences between the United States and the EU. New EU legislation. (3 hours); Croatian law on flavourings (NN) with emphasis on chemical specifications of flavours and maximum allowed values of biologically active substances in flavoured food. Croatian regulations on food additives (NN). Sweetening agents. Flavour enhancers. (3 hours)
The sense of smell. Activating receptors of smell. The sense of taste - basic taste qualities. Activation of taste receptors. Example of aromagram. (3 hours); Molecules with sensory effects - examples of chemical structures: stinging molecules; molecules for cooling; strong, sharp molecules with heating and hot stimuli, the molecules with the contraction, shrinkage. The taste active molecule - examples of structures: sweeteners (nutritive, nonnutritious sweeteners, natural carbohydrates, noncarbohydrates, artificial sweeteners), salt, acid, bitter and umami substances (monosodium glutamate, inosine monophosphate). (3 hours)
The division of the flavour substances according to the chemical structure: flavouring substances I (C, H, O compounds: alcohols, phenols, acids, ketones, carotenoids, ionones and related compounds, hydrocarbons) - examples; the flavouring substances II (heterocyclic compounds with oxygen: oxiranes, furans, hydrofurans, pyrans and oxepines; heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen and/or sulphur) - examples, flavouring compounds III (compounds containing sulphur: thiols, thioethers, sulphides, heterocyclic compounds with sulphur) - examples (3 hours)
Mechanisms of flavour formation from the starting compounds. Terpenes (biosynthesis through MVA and DXP). Norisoprenoids (the mechanism of degradation of carotenoids). Phenylpropanoic derivatives (shikimate biogenetic pathway). (3 hours); Flavours derived from carbohydrates and proteins. Maillard reactions. Aldol reactions and retro-aldol reactions. Strecker degradations (cysteine, methionine). Comparison of Strecker degradation and Amadori rearrangement. (3 hours); Independent pathways occurrence of Strecker aldehydes. Amadori rearrangement by transamination and Strecker aldehydes formation by decarboxylation of α-oxocarboxylic acids. Strecker degradation and Amadori modelling in the development of flavour and colour. (3 hours); Heterocyclization (formation of furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, 5-methyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone, formyl furol, isomaltol, pyrazine, oxazole and thiazole). Flavours of thermal degradation of vitamin B1. (3 hours); Flavours of lipid oxidation. Triplet and singlet oxygen. Lipid oxidation by radicals (initiation, propagation and termination). Hydroperoxides and hydroperoxides breakup. Lactones. (3 hours); Non-radical lipid oxidation. Enzymatic lipid oxidation (lipoxygenation). Flavours caused by enzymatic reactions and by microorganisms (diacetyl from lactose, the flavours of onion and garlic). (3 hours)
Isolation methods for flavourings. Solvent extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction. Supercritical fluid extraction. The fractionation of the extracts. Concentration of the extracts. (3 hours); Distillation methods. Headspace isolation techniques (static, dynamic). Thermal desorption. Sorption techniques: headspace solid-phase microextraction; headspace extraction and extraction from the stirring stick. (3 hours)
Examples of chemical flavour profiles of selected food products: Honey flavour. Flavour of roasted coffee. Flavour of wine. Flavour of meat products. Cheese flavour. (3 hours)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes (lectures and seminars) and actively participate in the teaching process, which will be evaluated in the final assessment by the weight coefficient of 5%.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

K. A. Smith, Advances in Flavours and Fragrances, Royal Chemical Society, 2001.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Mastering the engineering principles in chemistry, biochemistry and Mediterranean cultures

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Student is expected to develop an ability to analyze an engineering aspects od Chemistry and Biochemistry

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Week 1: Definition of areas of biochemical engineering, biochemical engineering significance, connections with other areas of science.
Week 2: The concept of biological systems.
Week 3: Features of engineering fermentation processes.
Week 4: Features of engineering enzymatic processes.
Week 5: Field of the preparation of the substrate.
Week 6: Preparing for the test and systematization of presented lectures
Week 7: First test
Week 8: Area of bioconversion (introduction)
Week 9: The bioreactor as space unfolding biochemical reactions, types of reactors, reactor construction, aerated systems.
Week 10: Bioreaction kinetics (reaction kinetics concept, the influence of product and substrate, thermodynamics of the reaction, biocatalysis)
Week 11: The conditions in the bioreactor (sterility of the bioreactor system, the mode of reaction, the retention of biomass in the reactor, mass transfer, heat transfer, rheology and mechanical strength of the biological material)
Week 12: Design and analysis of bioreactors.
Week 13: Important biotechnological processes in idustry
Week 14: Preparation for second test.
Week 15: Second test

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Regular attendance and active participation at lectures, seminars and exercises.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge about selected classes of biologically active compounds, with emphasis on their chemistry, i.e. structural characteristics that causes biological activity and thereby application in pharmacy and medicine.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After passing the exam students will be able to:
- specify the most important classes of biologically active compounds and the most important representatives of each class
- recognize and give name to some, important biologically active compounds based on their structural formula and classify them in the appropriate class based on structural features and/or biological activity
- present by structural formula the most important biologically active compounds
- connect biological activity and chemical structure (structure-activity relationship) of important biologically active compounds
- describe briefly synthesis of selected biologically active compounds
- specify significance and application of important biologically active compounds
- perform independently laboratory exercises according to laboratory procedures
- perform independently synthesis, isolation and purification of biologically active compounds as well as their characterization

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lectures (2 hours weekly):
1st week: Introduction to course (course content, students responsibilities, terms and conditions for passing exam). Biologically active compounds – definition. Chirality and biological activity. Natural bioactive compounds. Biological properties of chiral compounds.
2nd week: Methods for preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds. Synthetic methods for preparation of enantiomerically pure compounds (biotechnological method of synthesis, stereoselective or asymmetric synthesis).
3th week: Synthesis and semisynthesis of selected steroids. Female seks hormones. Estrogens. Progestins. Male seks hormones.
4th week: Synthesis of selected alkaloids. Morphine and morphine derivatives.
5th week: Semisynthetic morphine derivatives. Sympathomimetic drugs. Adrenaline. Ephedrine.
6th week: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Salycilic acid derivatives. Propionic acid derivatives. Arylacetic acid derivatives. p-Aminophenol derivatives.
7th week: Sulfonamides. Sulfonylureas.
8th week: Barbiturates. Benzodiazepines.
9th week: Anesthetics. General anesthetics. Inhalational anesthetic. Intravenous anesthetic.
10th week: Local anesthetic. Ester type local anesthetic of ester type. Amide type local anesthetic.
11th week: Cardiovascular drugs. Vasodilators. -Blockers.
12th week: Calcium channel blockers. ACE inhibitors.
13th week: Antibiotics – definition, classification, mechanism of action. -lactam antibiotics. Penicillins.
14th week: Macrolides. Tetracyclines.
15th week: Synthesis of selected vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins.
Exercises (3 hours weekly joined together in 8 lab periods):
1. Sulfonamides. Sulfanilamide synthesis. (2 lab periods)
2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Acetysalicylic acid synthesis. (1 lab period)
3. Vitamins. Nicotinic acid synthesis. (2 lab periods)
4. Barbiturates. Barbituric acid synthesis. (2 lab periods)
5. Characterization of synthesized compounds. UV/VIS and FT-IR spectroscopy. Recording and interpretation of spectra. (1 lab period)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend lectures in the amount of at least 80% of the times scheduled and complete all laboratory exercises (100% attendance). Active participation in teaching process will be also evaluated in the final score.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

R. Vardanyan, V. Hruby, Synthesis of Essential Drugs, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2006.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The main objective of this course is an introducing students to the steps and processes during the implementation of the ISO 14001 standard in business subjects and in possible problems that arising from the implementation process and to resolve issue. Furthermore, one of the goals of this course is to introduce students to the development and future trends in the development of international norms that it is needed for understanding and applying them in various systems.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

None

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. Students will understand the concept of integrated environmental protection, sustainable development, and will have ability to measure and proceed for the protection of the environment.
2. Based on the previous point, students will be able to participate in area planning, according to principles of sustainable development and to be able to estimate the impact on the environment (either Strategic Impact Assessment or any estimation of the environmental impact).
3. Students will have the ability to estimate risk and to manage it, as well as its the quantitative and qualitative representation.
4. Students will be able to participate in the process of planning and management of environment, relating to the study of the environmental impact, and therefore in the Commission for Strategic Studies and Environmental Strategy.
5. By discussing about the Regulations on Environmental Impact Estimation and the steps in the preparation of studies, students will gain knowledge that is inevitable in implementation of various Estimation and Environmental Programme.
6. Students will acquire the competencies that will provide them as experts in selecting the best available technique for a specific activity according to the European guidelines . They will be able to identify and resolve nonconformities that occur during this process .
7. Students will be able to apply the knowledge in organizations that have implemented an Environmental Management System ISO 14001 , and in the segment with its maintenance and improvement.
8. Students will acquire knowledge that will enable them to be an important subjects and managers to establish the system of ISO 14001 in various subjects.
9. Students will be able to apply the knowledge for implementation, maintenance and development of EMS.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lecture 1: The definition of technology ; similarities and differences ; historical development of the term . Impacts and Challenges of technology . The separations technology.
Lecture 2: Definition ecosystem, classification. Environment Protecting the environment. Pollution and contamination. Legal provisions in the RH.
Lecture 3: Sustainable Development; concepts, vision, future. Sustainable development laws of thermodynamics. The path towards sustainable development.
Lecture 4: Types of Environmental Protection. Integrated approach. The measures and procedures to protect the environment. The political and sociological approach, legal measures.
Lecture 5: Planning and management of the area. Basic documents of Environmental Protection. The environmental impact assessment. Risk management. Cost-benefit analysis.
Seminar and Exercise 1 ( 2 × 4 hours): Consideration and discussion of objectives and approach strategies, programs, studies on the process of planning and environment management.
Lecture 6: A study of the environmental impact - steps in the preparation . Legal provisions.
Seminar and Practice 2 ( 2 × 4 hours): Consideration and discussion of goals and approach to the study of the environmental impact. The debate about the roles of various professionals, overlapping powers and competencies, and suggestions dismissal of the non-compliance! The interest of the community vs. capital interest.
Lecture 7: Methodology of the best available techniques.
Seminar and Exercise 3 ( 2 × 4 hours): A critical review of the methodology for the assessment of best available techniques - debates , discussions, debates , proposals . Development of algorithms and schemes for assessing best available techniques.
Seminar and Exercise 4 ( 2 × 4 hours): Evaluating and choosing the best available techniques for different procedures with the help of the guidelines . Landfills, waste gases , waste incinerators , cement industry , etc ....
Lecture 8: Systems - definition. Standards and Standardization. Croatian Standards Institute. Accreditation and certification. Types of norms.
Lecture 9: ISO. ISO 14001 Environmental Policy. Plan.
Seminar and Exercise 5 ( 2 × 4 hours): Development of ISO 14001 on examples of different organizations. Environmental policy. Plan.
Lecture 10: ISO 14001 Implementation and operational phases. Testing and verification.
Seminar and Exercise 6 ( 2 × 5 hours): Development of ISO 14001 on examples of different organizations. Implementation and operational phases. Testing and verification.
Lecture 11: The definition of quality. Family 9001 standard procedure of introducing a system of quality.
Lecture 12: General requirements of quality management systems and requirements relating to documentation.
Lecture 13: ISO 9001 Document Control and inspection records. Management responsibility and quality policy.
Lecture 14: Planning Quality Management System. Resource management. Control and improve the system. Self-evaluation.
Lecture 15: Integration of standards 14001 and 9001 in a joint management system. Similarities and differences .
Seminar and Exercise 7 ( 2 × 5 hours): Integration of standards 14001 and 9001 in a joint management system for the various economic operators.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Introduce students to the importance of the use of mathematical and statistical methods for processing experimental data, conduct multi-variety data, and planning experiments. Allow them to work on computers and familiar with standard software packages (MS Excel, Wolfram Mathematica, MatLab, Statistica).

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Completed appropriate undergraduate

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. Define the data distribution.
2. Apply second statistical hypothesis tests in chemistry.
3. Use third method of exploration data on real chemical systems.
4. Know the fourth design an experimental procedure.
5. Put the methods of modeling and optimization, and extract the useful information to know.
6. Know calibrate the analytical system, process measurement signal in order to obtain useful information

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Week 1: Introduction to chemometrics. Types of experimental data. The relation between the experimental data, information and knowledge. Seminar: Basic statistical concepts in MS Excel
Week 2: Basic Statistics in chemometrics. Probability. The distribution of the data. Descriptive statistics. The accuracy and precision. Seminar: Basic statistical concepts in Wolfram Mathematica
Week 3: Tests hypotheses. Parametric tests. Significance tests - t-test, F-test, ANOVA test for normality of distribution. Seminar: Basic statistical concepts in Statistics
Week 4: The one-factor analysis of variance. Multi-factor analysis of variance. Seminar: Significance tests in MS Excel
Week 5: Experimental design and optimization. Seminar: Tests of significance in Wolfram Mathematica.
Week 6: The quality of analytical measurement - assessment of variability, comparative tests, measurement uncertainty. Seminar: Tests of significance in Statistics
Week 7: Regression analysis, least squares method: linear models, tests of significance of regression parameters. Seminar: Regression analysis in MS Excel
8th week: Exploratory Data Analysis. A complex pattern. Identifying the sample. Methods for identification of the sample with and without an external teacher. Rotation. Seminar: Regression analysis in Wolfram Mathematica.
Week 9: Principal Component Analysis. Covariance matrix. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The principles of reducing the number of dimensions. Seminar: Regression analysis in statistics.
10th week: Hierarchical cluster analysis. Distance and similarity. Single, full and centroid connections. Dendrograms. Seminar: Analysis of the main components in Wolfram Mathematica
11th week: Classification. Linear and nonlinear model of classification. Method K-nearest neighbors. Method independent modeling class analogy. Seminar: Principal Component Analysis in Statistics
12th week: Signal processing. Signal detection, limit of detection, limit choices and limit of quantification. Scaling. Filling. Averaging. Filtering. Leveling. Multi-point sampling. Fourier transformation. Modulation signal. Derivatives signal. Decompression. Seminar: Fourier Transform in Wolfram Mathematica
13th week: Optimization. The functions of the evaluation criteria. Making decisions based on multiple criteria. Pareto optimality. Derringer function. Seminar: Fourier Transform in MatLab
14th week: Algorithms for optimization. Simplex. Genetic algorithms. Basic principles, purpose and usage examples. Seminar: Linear and nonlinear models of classification in Statistics
15th week: molecular modeling. Optimization of the structure. Calculation of descriptors. Linking the physical and chemical properties of the structural properties of the molecules. Seminar: Algorithms for optimization in Statistics

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

- Registration of the presence of students
- Annual analysis of student
- Student survey

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The basic objective of the course is the application of analytical methods and techniques in environmental analysis.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Gateways must have a good basic knowledge of analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, organic chemistry, but are not necessary to master the material..

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After course students will be able to :
1. to know and explain the interactions that occur between different phases in the environment (water-to-air, ground-to-air, water-soil)
2. independently sampling plan (accidentally uozkovanje, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, intuitive sampling)
3. to sample (air, water, soil, sediment and biological samples).
4. prepare samples for analysis, use of modern methods of sample preparation
5. Use a variety of techniques for environmental analysis (classical methods, instrumental methods, the technique, other techniques.
6. exert biological control (environmental indicators, biomarkers)
7. process the results of analysis

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lecture 1: Introduction - environmental science and environmental analytical chemistry
Lecture 2: Chemical Principles in the environment. Sampling from the environment
Lecture 3: analytical separation, sample preparation for analysis
Seminar 1 (2 hours): interpretation and data processing. Standard deviations, errors
Lecture 4: The application of analytical methods and techniques in environmental analysis. Elektoroanalytical methods (potentiometry)
Seminar 2 (2 hours): Quantitatively the composition of solutions - expressing concentration
Lab course 1 (5 hours): Potentiometric determination of fluoride and chloride. Determination of iron in drinking water.
Lecture 5: Voltammetry, coulometry
Seminar 3 (2 hours): Calculating the pH of water of different composition and nature (sea, river, rain)
Lab course 2 (5 hours): Determination of the pH of various types of water (river, rain)
Lecture 6: Conductometry, spectrometric techniques
Lecture 7: Absorption Spectrometry, induced absorption spectrometry, emission spectrometry
Lab course 3 (5 hours ): Determining the concentration of transition metal in the pure aqueous solutions of UV-VIS spectrophotometry
Lecture 8: Instrumental separation techniques, gas chromatography
Seminar 4 (2 hours ): Calculations data spectrometric measurements
Lab course 4 (5 hours ): Determination of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium in wastewater by spectrophotometry
Lecture 9:. Liquid chromatography, the state and development of chromatographic techniques
Seminar 5 (2 hours): Calculations of trace metals in the environment
Lecture 10: Other techniques (thermal techniques, radiochemical techniques)
Seminar 6 (2 hours): The calculation of the concentration of particulate matter in the environment and display the result
Lab course 5 (5 hours ): Determination of phosphorus in the solid plant
Lecture 11: Trace elements in the environment: natural level and chemical form of pollution
Seminar 7 (2 hours): Statistical analysis of the results of the analysis of environmental samples (air, water, soil)
Lecture 12: Determination of trace organic compounds
Lecture 13: Biological indicators and methods
Lecture 14: The radiation and radioactivity in the environment. contamination of soil
Lab course 6 (5 hours ): Voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid in multivitamins
Lecture 15: Evaluation and interpretation of analytical data from the environment. specific applications
Seminar 8 (1 hour): Correlations (Spearman, Pearson,)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

C.E. Kupchella, M. C. Hyland, Enviromental science, Massachusetts, 1989

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Methods Quality assurance will be performed at three levels: (1) University; (2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee of teaching; (3) Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The goal of course Physical biochemistry is to connect and comprehensive understanding of the knowledge that students have gained learning courses of Physical Chemistry and Biochemistry.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Understanding (1) the application of thermodynamic principles in biochemistry, (2) the concept of chemical equilibrium, (3) chemical kinetics, (4) electrochemical processes, (5) bioenergetics and membrane processes and (6) the modern methods in biochemistry.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Introduction, Concepts of Thermodynamics in Biochemistry (1 hour). Acids, bases and buffers in biochemistry (titration curves and electric charge, titration curves and protein isoelectric point) (1 hour). Thermodynamic concepts in biochemistry (open systems and the environment, work, energy and heat, the tool states, entropy and Gibbs free energy, thermodynamics and metabolism (2 hours). Bioenergetics and mebranski transfers (1 hour). Biochemical reactions and balance (1 hour) . Electrochemistry and biochemical processes (1 hour). interaction of protein - ligand (dissociation constant of singlet binding sites, dissociation constant of the inhibitor, the number of binding sites, thermodynamics of protein-ligand interactions (2 hours). Chemical kinetics of biochemical reactions, enzyme kinetics (2 hours) . Modern methods in biochemistry: Spectroscopic methods, methods of isolation, purification and identification of proteins, DNA molecules research methods, methods based on radioactivity (4 hours).

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

N. C. Price et al., Principles and problems in Physical chemistry for Biochemists, Third edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
- P. Atkins and J. De Paula, Physical chemistry, 8ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Gaining of the basic theoretical and practical knowledge on origin and properties of naturally occurring polymers and their application.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

- distinguish naturally occurring polymers and their resources
- be ble to explain the structure and properties of naturally occurring polymers
- be acquainted with application fields of naturally occurring polymers
- distinguish naturally occurring polymers according burning characteristics

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1st week: An overview of basic terms in polymers and polymeric materials. Basic characteristic of macromolecules.
2nd week: Definition of naturally occurring polymers in narrow and broad sense. PLA and PHB: synthesis and properties. Molecular and supermolecular structure of polymers.
3rd week: Starch: structure and properties. Modification and application of starch.
4th week: Structure and properties of cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose. Natural cellulose fibres. Mercerization and crosslinking of cotton fibres.
5th week: Regenerated cellulose. Cellulose derivates. Alginic acid and alginates. Structure and application of alginates. Ion exchange.
6th week: Other polysaccharides. Structure, properties and application of lignin.
7th week: Ponavljanje. First test.
8th week: Amino acides in proteins. Primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins.
9th week: Protein fibres. Structure and properties of silk fibre. Structure and properties of wool.
10th week: Structure and properties of collagen. Collagen based materials.
11th week: Casein: structure, phase separation, application. An overview of natural fibres properties.
12th week: Natural caoutchouc. Derivates of natural caoutchouc. Mastication and vulcanization.
13th week: Shaping of caoutchouc and production of rubbery products (tires etc.) Reuse and recycling of rubber. Regeneration of caoutchouc.
14th week: Plastic and rubbery waste management system. Natural resins.
15th week: Ponavljanje. Second test.
Laboratory exercises:
1. Preparation of thermoplastic starch
2. Regeneration of cellulose. Identification of natural fibres by burning tests.
3. Immobilization of bakers yeast on alginate
4. Gelatine swelling
5. Isolation of casein and preparation of casein glue

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

C. E. Carracher, Seymour/Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 4th Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality of the teaching and learning, monitored at the level of the (1) teachers, accepting suggestions of students and colleagues, and (2) faculty, conducting surveys of students on teaching quality.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Students will expand basic knowledge of colloid chemistry obtained from lectures in Physical Chemistry. They will learn principles and applications of surface and colloid chemistry.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Students will upon completion of the course
1) know the modern instrument methods of separation, purification and identification of colloids, 2) be able to interpret properties and effects of surfactants (micellar colloids), 3) be able to explain the kinetic phenomena of colloidal solutions, 4) understand the electrokinetic phenomena, 5) be able to explain the rheological properties of colloidal system.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lectures
1st week: Introduction. Classification of colloidal systems. Aggregation of colloidal particles.
2nd week: Micelle formation. Properties and structure of micelles in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions.
3rd week: Purification and separation of colloids, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis.
4th week: Dialysis, lyophilization, gel filtration.
5th week: Size and shape of colloidal particles. Experimental techniques for determining the size and shape of the colloidal particles.
6th week: Kinetic properties of the colloidal systems, sedimentation, diffusion, osmotic pressure.
7th week: Interface Phenomena: liquid-gas, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid interface.
8th week: Viscosity of colloidal systems.
9th week: Experimental techniques for determining the surface composition.
10th week: Rheology of colloidal systems.
11th week: Electrical double layer, electrophoresis.
12th week: Electrokinetic potential and electrical mobility, electrokinetic phenomena.
13th week: Coagulation and stability of colloids.
14th week: Gel, membrane, biological membrane.
15th week: Emulsions and microemulsions.
Laboratory exercises
1. Microemulsions, size of microemulsions aggregates and dynamic. 2. Surface tension. 3. Critical micelle concentration. 4. Standard Gibbs energies of micellization of surfactants in aqueous solutions at different electrolyte concentrations. 5. Microstucture and stability in surfactant free microemulsions.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes and actively participate in the teaching process. This will be recorded and evaluated in making a final assessment.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Duncan J. Shaw, Introduction to Colloid and Surface Chemistry, 4th Edition, Butterrorth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1992.

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality of the teaching and learning, monitored at the level of the (1) teachers, accepting suggestions of students and colleagues, and (2) faculty, conducting surveys of students on teaching quality.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquisition of basic knowledge about basic concepts and principles of quality management, requirements and criteria of testing laboratories according to the requirements of EN ISO / IEC 17025 standard.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Completed appropriate undergraduate study

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. Understanding the quality menagement system in the laboratory including accreditation process laws and standards for accreditation
2. Apply laboratory tests, methods, the process of mesurements, uncertainty, quality control and documentation of the laboratory
3. Understand evaluation off laboratories tests, accreditation of laboratories, the system of authorization and accreditation in Europe and Croatia.
4. Apply knowledge in practice and link the theoretical knolidge with real problems in the laboratorywork.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1st week: Analytical system. Sampling from the environment. Seminar: Solving problems.
2nd week: Preparation of the sample for analysis. Seminar: Solving problems.
3rd week: Method of isolation of the analyte from the nuts: solid phase extraction, microwave ultrasonic extraction. Seminar: Solving problems.
4th week: Spectroscopic methods. Molecular Spectroscopy. Seminar: Solving problems.
5th week: Atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy. Seminar: Solving problems.
6th week: Chromatographic methods: gas, ion, thin layer chromatography. Seminar: Solving problems.
7th Week : 1st. partial exam, solving the test
8th week: The standard methods and reference materials, validation. Seminar: Solving problems
9th week: sample for analysis, records, process evaluation and report, Seminar: Solving problems
10th week: subcontracting, external services and procurement; appeal. Seminar: Solving problems
11th week: GLP-principles, and procedures. Seminar: Solving problems
12th week: A system of authorization and accreditation in Europe and Croatia, principles and rules. Seminar: Solving problems
13th week:. The requirements of EN ISO / IEC 17025 (current edition). Seminar: Solving problems
14th week: The requirements of EN ISO / IEC 17025 (current edition). Seminar: Solving problems
15th week : 2nd partial exam , solving the test
List of Exercises
documentation of good laboratory practice
individual documentation for ISO / IEC 17025: 2005
Development of manual quality
internal audits
visit to the Veterinary Institute Split

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Lectures attendance - at least 80% and completing exercises

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

- registration of student’s presence in class
- annual analysis of students success in this course
- student’s survey in order to evaluate the professor
- professor’s self-evaluation

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Emphasize to students the importance and width of the field of application of micro-emulsions in various industries such as food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textile, as well as in biomedicine, biotechnology and synthesis of nanoparticles.
Acquisition of fundamental knowledge on the physico-chemical properties of conventional microemulsion and surfactant-free-microemulsion systems based on green chemistry.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Students will be able to successfully master the subject:
- to describe the structure of classical microemulsions and microemulsion systems without the presence of a surfactant so-called ”Surfactant-Free-Microemulsions”; to define the differences in comparison to emulsion
- to explain the role of the surfactant and the importance of thermodynamic parameters in achieving a stable microemulsion system
- to determine the size and shape of the microemulsion aggregates and explain the dynamics of their growth
- to describe the basic principles and possibilities for application of different methods (spectroscopy, conductometrics, measuring viscosity, surface tension measurement, AFM, TEM, SANS) in the study of microemulsion systems
- to recognize the principles on which Green Chemistry reduces the negative effects of chemical processes and technologies on the environment
- to plan the laboratory procedures and independently to conduct an experiment in accordance with the plan of research
- to implement appropriate computer programs for numerical processing of experimental data and graphic representation of the results obtained; discuss the results and reach a conclusion at the end

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lectures:
Week 1.: Introduction to microemulsion.
Week 2.: Characteristics and structure of microemulsion.
Week 3.: Differences between microemulsions and emulsions.
Week 4.: Conditions of of phase equilibrium and phase diagrams.
Week 5.: The surfactants and co-surfactants, and their characteristics.
6. and 7. week: Rheology of microemulsion and emulsion systems.
Week 8.: First partial exam.
9. and 10. week: Methods and experimental techniques of research microemulsion system.
Week 11.: Surface tension and critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.).
Week 12: The microstructure of microemulsion aggregates.
Week 13.: The microemulsions without the presence of surfactant (”Surfactant-Free-Microemulsions”).
Week 14.: The application of microemulsion. Examples.
Week 15.: The second partial exam.
Laboratory exercises:
1.Ternary phase diagram - determination of characteristic areas of microemulsion system.
2. Conductometric determination of critical micelle concentration (c.m.c.) and thermodynamics of micellization reaction in the presence of surfactant.
3. Determination of solvation properties of microemulsion using UV-Vis spectroscopy - extraction efficiency of toxic analytes from contaminated soil and comparison with conventional solvents.
4. Conductometric determination of nanostructures in the microemulsion without the presence of surfactants.
5. Viscometric determining of percolating threshold of microemulsion system. Size and shape of microemulsion aggregates.
Seminar
Student will present the selected topic from the subject content in written form by seminar paper and oral presentation in PowerPoint.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend classes and actively participate in the teaching process. This will be recorded and evaluated in making a final assessment.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

P. Bošković, V. Sokol, T. Zemb, D. Touraud, W. Kunz. Weak Micelle-Like Aggregation in Ternary Liquid Mixtures as Revealed by Conductivity, Surface Tension, and Light Scattering, J. Phys. Chem. B 119 (2015) 9933.
I. Kralova, J. Sjöblom Surfactants Used in Food Industry: A Review, J. Disper. Sci. Technol. 30 (2009) 1363.
J. Drapeau, M. Verdier, D. Touraud, U. Kröckel, M. Geier, A. Rose, W. Kunz, Effective Insect Repellent Formulation in both Surfactantless and Classical Microemulsions with a Long-Lasting Protection for Human Beings, Chem. Biodivers. 6 (2009) 934.
C. A. Katz, Z. J. Calzola, J. K. N. Mbindyo, Structure and Solvent Pr

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality of the teaching and learning, monitored at the level of the (1) teachers, accepting suggestions of students and colleagues, and (2) faculty, conducting surveys of students on teaching quality.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

The goal of this course is to teach students aboth specific and and important topics in the field of biochemistry .

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Biochemistry I and Biochemistry II

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

- Introduction to the structure and function of muscle tissue and cytoskeleton as well as functions of blood cells, plasma proteins and immunoglobulins.
- Understand the significance of acid-base balance in the body and buffers involved in its maintenance.
- Understand the significance of oxidative processes in the body and the antioxidant systems and methods.
- Learn about metabolism of fructose, galactose and mannose.
- Learn about hormons, signal transduction and lipid second messengers.
- Learn about other products of amino acids metabolism. Learn about porphyrin and heme metabolism and disorders connected with their metabolism.
- Understand the significance of nutrition, digestion and absorption of nutrients as well as micronutrients.
- Understand the significance of glycosylation and glycoproteins.
- Learn about xenobiotic metabolism and bioinformatics.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

LECTURES:
Muscle tissue and cytoskeleton. Blood cells. (2) Plasma proteins and Immunoglobulins.(2) Acid-base balance. (2) Biological Oxidation. Free Radicals. Antioxidants. (4) Metabolism of Other Hexoses.(2) Hormons and signal transduction.(2) Lipid Second Messengers (2) Other products of amino acids metabolism. (2) Porphyrin and Heme Metabolism (2) Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals. (2) Nutrition, digestion and absorption.(2) Glycoproteins. (2) Xenobiotic Metabolism. (2) Bioinformatics. (2)
SEMINARS:
Students will review and process the topics related to pathological conditions resulting from biochemical disorders.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Monitoring of quality assurance will be performed at three levels: (1) University, (2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee, (3) Level of teachers.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Students will get insight into actual achievements in chemical and biochemical sensing systems. Basic principles and kind of chemical and biochemical sensor systems will be presented together with problems that can arise during development process of such sensors systems (sensors material or biomaterial, recognition mechanism, choosing appropriate transducer element, configuration and practical development of sensors. Furthermore, practical applicability of chemical sensors and biosensors in medical, industrial and environmental analysis will be given.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. To recognize and characterize sensors systems.
2. To propose and to development novel sensors systems, together with improvement of current ones.
3. To use a knowledge in selection of appropriate sensors systems for various analytes in different area of application.
4. To get specific insight into recognition principles, amplification and transduction of chemical signal into various outcome signals.

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1. General aspects and introduction in chemical sensors and biosensors-definition, terminology.
Classification of sensors (electrochemical, optical, piezoelectrical, termal, aqoustic). Phenomenon (recognition mechanism) that can be applied in sensors systems. Novel trends and scopes in sensors development (nanotechnology, nanostructure, ”smart” sensors, in vivio sensors)
2. Basic construction concepts of sensors and biosensors. Example of commercial sensors and biosensors (ion-selective electrodes, glucometer, Elisa assay). Chemical and biochemical recognition mechanism. Recognition elements: ionophores, enzymes, crystals. Criterion for recognition elements selection. Biochemical selectivity and stability of recognition elements-problems.
3. Matrix material of sensors. Role and characteristics of matrixes. Recognition element immobilization methods. Incorporation of recognition elements into various matrixes (gels, polymers: conducting or non-conducting, carbon materials: paste, screen-printing, carbon nanotubes). Covalent binding of enzymes, cross-linking, physical adsorption.
4. Transducer for electrochemical, optical, piezoelectrical sensors. Selection of transducing element. Electrochemical sensors: potentiometric, amperometric. Modiffied electrodes. Preparation of ion-selective electrodes-techniques. Conducting surface, modified layer, signal transducing. Microelectrodes, FET sensors.
5. Optical sensors. Absorption, UV absorption, reflectometry, luminescence. Optical fibers sensors. Intrinsic and extrinsic sensors. Application of optical sensors in sensing of pH, pressure, temperature, humidity. Determination of biomolecules with optical sensors-luciferase in ATP detection and bacterial redox systems with luciferase in NADPH detection.
6. Piezoelectrical sensors. General aspects. Acoustic sensors. Incorporation of recognition elements.
7. Biosensors. Electrochemical, optical, immunosensors, optical sensors. First, second and third generation of biosensors.
8. Examples of the three generation of biosensonsors-amperometric determination of glucose. Redox interference. Oxygen dependence of the signal. Peroxide role. in vitro and in vivo continuously monitoring of glucose. Modern scopes in development of glucometers. Commercialization of sensors.
9. Immunosensors. Antibody-antigen bonding as mechanism of recognition. Electrochemical, optical, immunosensors, optical immunosensors. Examples of immunosensors for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, t-lymphocytes, viruses and bacterial. ELISA test.
10. DNA detection. DNA electrochemical sensors. Electrochemistry of DNA and detection principles. Immobilization of DNA sequences onto different materials. Electrodes processes-hybridization. Enzyme labeled DNA sequences.
11. Bionseors for pesticide detection. Enzymes used for pesticide detection. Basic concepts. Inhibition mechanism. Catalytically based biosensors. Immunosensors for pesticides determination. Enzymes reactivation. Microorganism, issue, cells as recognition elements.
12. Nanomaterial in optical and electrochemical biosensors. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) in biosensors preparation. CNT composite materials.
13. Introduction in direct transfer of electrons by proteins. Protein immobilization techniques. Examples: cytochrome c, myoglobine, hemoglobine. Role of CNT. Direct electron transfer from enzyme onto electrode. Examples: glucose oxidase, catalase, HRP.
14. Evaluation of sensors: selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility, repeatability. Other types of sensors: impedance sensors, sensors for gases.
15. Highly sophisticated sensors systems: microelectro-machanical systems (MEMS and Bio(MEMS)), Lab-on-a-chip, nanosensors, biochips.
Lab courses:
1. Preparation of potentiometric sensors by incorporation of ionophores in polymer matrix. Components ratio influences onto sensor characteristics. Determination of heavy metals in water. Selectivity of prepared sensor.
2. Amperometric determination of amino acids onto crystal and bismuth modified electrodes. Electrode preparation, characterization, influences of parameters on signal quality.
3. Preparation of the biosensors for determination of glucose. Incorporation of glucoso oxidase into carbon paste. MnO2 as transducing element. Interferences. Role of Nafion® in improvment of the signal. Determination of glucose in real samples

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

The 80% presence at lectures and completed all laboratory exercises.

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

- Information from interviews, observations, and consultation with students during lectures
- Student survey

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Optional literature (at the time of submission of study programme proposal)

Quality assurance methods that ensure the acquisition of exit competences

Quality assurance will be performed at three levels:
(1) University Level;
(2) Faculty Level by Quality Control Committee;
(3) Lecturer’s Level.

Other (as the proposer wishes to add)

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Completing the course: General Chemistry

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

1. Adoption of fundamental knowledge about the species and speciation analysis
2. Understand and apply the methods of sample preparation for analysis of species
3. Implement the instrumental methods in the analysis of complex species sample.
4. Implement the principles of validation of the analytical method in the analysis of species

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1. Week: Analytical system. Sampling processing samples for analysis species. Seminar: Solving numerical examples treated theoretical material.
2. Week: Preparation of the sample for analysis species, validation, measurement uncertainty for sampling Seminar: Solving problems.
3. week: The importance and definition of speciation., Structural areas of speciation, isotopic composition, electronic and oxidation states. Seminar: Solving problems
4. Week: speciation of inorganic and organic compounds and complexes, organometallic compounds, speciation macromolecular compounds. Seminar: Solving problems
5. Week: Methodology specijacijske analysis. Seminar: Solving problems
6. week: Methods and techniques for speciation analysis and application. Seminar: Solving problems
7. Week 1.parcijalni test, solving test
8. week: The standard methods and reference materials, validation. Seminar: Solving problems
9. week: Application spectrometry as a detection system in the analysis of species. Seminar: Solving problems
10. week: Validation of spectroscopic methods and anliza species. Seminar: Solving problems
11. Week: Ion-selective electrode application in the analysis of species. Seminar: Solving problems
12. Week: Analysis of speciation, an example from the environment. Seminar: Solving problems 13 Week. Analysis of speciation, examples of analyzes of food. Seminar: Solving problems
14. Week: flow-injection method, an example of an analysis of species. An automated analytical systems. Seminar: Solving problems
15th week: Examination (II. Partial test theoretical and seminar materials). Solving test
List of exercises:
1. Gravimetric determination of iron species
2. Spectrophotometric determination of iron species
3. Gravimetric determination of chromium species
4. Spectrophotometric determination of chromium species
5. Determination of EDTA species

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Lectures attendance - at least 80% and completing exercises