Fundamentals of organic chemistry

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Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Acquiring a basic knowledge of modern organic chemistry and nomenclature of organic compounds, understanding the structure and properties of organic compounds and the basic mechanisms of organic chemical reactions.
Acquisition of basic skills and techniques required for work in organic-chemical laboratory.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After passing the exam the student should be able to:
- use basic rules of organic compounds nomenclature
- differentiate classes of organic compounds according to functional groups
- connect organic compounds molecular structure with their physico - chemical
properties and reactivity
- differentiate organic reaction types and describe general characteristics of organic reactions
- explain reaction mechanisms of main classes of organic compounds
- use basic laboratory techniques for synthesis, isolation and purification of organic compounds as well as their characterization and identification

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

Lectures (2 hours weekly):
1st week: Introduction to organic chemistry. The binding in organic molecules.
2nd week: Molecular structure and properties of organic compounds. Isomers. Optical activity and chirality. The absolute configuration. Acid-base properties of organic compounds.
3th week: Types of organic reactions. Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds - functional groups.
4th week: Alkanes. Rotation about single bond. Oxidation. Halogenation. Alkenes.
5th week: Alkenes. Electrophilic Addition. The addition of hydrogen. The addition of halogen. The addition of hydrogen halide (Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov rule). Hydration. Polimerization.
6th week: Alkynes. Reactions of of alkynes. Alkyl halides. Nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon. SN2-mechanism. SN1-mechanism.
7th tjedan: Elimination reactions. E1 and E2 mechanism. Competition among substitution and elimination. Repetition of the teaching materials.
8th week: 1st partial exam. Alcohols. Ethers.
9th week: Aldehydes and ketones. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group. Reactions at the -carbon (the aldol reaction).
10th tjedan: Carboxylic acids and derivatives. Nucleophilic substitution at the carbonyl group.
11th week: Aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. The impact of the groups on electrophilic aromatic substitution. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
12th week: Arenes. Phenols. Aromatic amines
13th week: Carbohydrates. Monosaccharides-basic reactions. Oligosaccharides. Polysaccharides.
14th week: Amines. Amino acids. Peptides and proteins.
15th week: 2nd partial exam.
Seminars (1 hour weekly):
Solving problems in organic chemistry.
Exercises (2 hours weekly joined together in 6 lab periods):
1. Laboratory safety and rules. Isolation and purification of organic compounds. Crystallization and melting point determination. Distillation. Extraction. Organic compounds synthesis.
2. Diazotation. Phenol synthesis.
3. Carbonyl compounds-nucleophilic addition. The Cannizzaro reaction – benzyl alcohol and benzoic acid synthesis.
4. Electrophilic aromatic substitution. p-Nitroacetanilide synthesis.
5. Oxidation-reduction reactions. Butan-2-one synthesis.
6. Organic compounds characterization. Characteristic reactions of functional groups.

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Students are required to attend lectures and seminars of at least 80% of the times scheduled and to complete all planned laboratory exercises.