Process of Precipitation and Crystallization

Code

Course teacher

Associate teachers

Status of the course

Course objectives

Students acquire the basics of the different crystalline states and their arrangements as well as the fundamentals of the processes of nucleation, precipitation and crystallization under different experimental conditions (water solution and melts). The knowledge acquired to allow students applying acquired knowledge in composing reaction mixtures as well as control of the experimental conditions for obtaining the final materials required physical and chemical properties.

Course enrolment requirements and entry competences required for the course

Enrolled in or passed the course Exercises in Process of Precipitation and Crystallization

Learning outcomes expected at the level of the course (4 to 10 learning outcomes)

After passing the exam the student will be able to:
- Able to choose on the base of the physical and chemical properties suitable solvent
- Can choose a suitable precipitant agent for providing the process of precipitation
- Know the basic methods and procedures of dissolutions, precipitation and crystallization
- Known procedures and methods of recrystallization and purification of the product
- Basic knowledge about the industrial equipment for the crystallization process

Course content broken down in detail by weekly class schedule (syllabus)

1. Week. The crystalline state (Liquids crystals, Crystalline solids, Crystal symmetry, Crystal systems, Miller indices)
2. Week. Space lattice, Solid state bonding, Isomorphs and polymorphs, Enentiomorphs and chirality,
3. Week. Cristal habit, Dendrites, Composite crystals and twins, Imperfections in crystals
4. Week. Physical and thermal properties (Density, Viscosity, Surface tension, Diffusivity, Refractive index, Electrolytic conductivity),
5. Week. Physical and thermal properties (Crystal hardness, Unit of heat, Heat capacity, Thermal conductivity, Boiling freezing and melting points, Enthalpies of phase change, Heats of solution and crystallization, Size classification of crystals)
6. Week. Solution and solubility (Solutions and melts, Solvent selection, Expression of solution composition, Solubility correlations, Theoretical crystal yield, Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Particle size and solubility,),
7. Week. Solution and solubility (Effect of impurities on solubility, Measurement of solubility, Prediction of solubility, Solubility data sources, Supersolubility), Phase equilibria (The phase rule, One-component systems, Two-component systems, Enthalpy-composition diagrams, Phase change detection)
8. Week. The First colloquium
9. Week. Phase equilibria (Three-component systems, Four-component systems, Dynamic phase diagrams)
10. Week. Nucleation (Primary nucleation, Secondary nucleation, Metastable zone widths, Effect of impurities, Induction and latent periods, Interfacial tension, Ostwald’s rule of stages),
11. Week. Crystal growth (Crystal growth theories, Growth rate measurements, Crystal growth and dissolution, Crystal habit modification, Polymorphs and phase transformations, Inclusions),
12. Week. Recrystallization (Recrystallization schemes, Resolution of racemates, Isolation of polymorphs, Recrystallization from supercritical fluids, Zone refining, Single crystals),
13. Week. Industrial techniques and equipment (Precipitation, Crystallization from melts, Sublimation, Crystallization from solution),
14. Week. Crystallizer design and operation (Crystal size distribution, Kinetic data measurement and utilization, Crystallizer specification, Fluid-particle suspension)
15. Week. The Second colloquium

Format of instruction:

Student responsibilities

Class attendance at the lecture in the amount of 70% to 100%, and to experimental work of 100% from total hours.